Authors: Dotti Sani, G. M., & Treas, J.
Overview
Parental time with children leads to positive child outcomes. Some studies have reported a positive educational gradient: More educated parents devote more time to children than other parents. Furthermore, some research finds that parental child care increased over time. Less certain is whether more educated parents increased their time more than less educated ones did, whether parenting trends for mothers and fathers are the same, and whether observed patterns characterize all Western countries or only some. Hypotheses inspired by theories of social diffusion, class differentiation, and ideologies of child rearing are tested with time-use data for 11 Western countries between 1965 and 2012. For both mothers and fathers, results indicated a widespread educational gradient and an increase in child-care time. In a number of countries, the positive educational gradient increased; nowhere was it diminished. Thus, the advantages of intensive parenting continued to accrue to the well-educated elite.
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